b\u1ebfn Nh\u00e0 R\u1ed3ng th\u00e1ng 06 n\u0103m 1911<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\u2026 Ng\u00e0y 2\/6\/1911, t\u00e0u Amiral Latouche Tr\u00e9ville c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i H\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t (th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi h\u00e3ng N\u01cem Sao) \u0111\u1eadu \u1edf c\u1ea3ng S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u00e0u \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111i Marseille (Ph\u00e1p). V\u1edbi l\u1eddi tha thi\u1ebft xin vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tr\u00ean t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u01a1ng, anh g\u1eb7p thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 n\u00f3i m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec tr\u00ean t\u00e0u, thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eadn anh xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m ph\u1ee5 b\u1ebfp. Ng\u00e0y 3\/6\/1911, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb mang t\u00ean \u201cV\u0103n Ba\u201d. Tr\u01b0a 5\/6\/1911, t\u00e0u Latouche Tr\u00e9ville r\u1eddi b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng S\u00e0i G\u00f2n\u2026<\/p>\n
H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 b\u1ebfp V\u0103n Ba t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i; ngo\u00e0i hai c\u1eeda c\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn l\u00e0 H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i-\u0110\u1ed3ng \u0110\u0103ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c. T\u00e0u bu\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5p n\u1eadp v\u00e0o ra c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ebfn xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n
Th\u1eddi \u1ea5y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u0129 phu y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n “c\u1ee9u gi\u1ed1ng n\u00f2i kh\u1ecfi \u00e1ch n\u00f4 l\u1ec7” c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00ed s\u0129 Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u khi t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c r\u1ed3i sang Nh\u1eadt, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u phong tr\u00e0o \u0110\u00f4ng Du. C\u00f2n ch\u00ed s\u0129 Phan Chu Trinh t\u1eebng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n v\u1ecdng ngo\u1ea1i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf \u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u01a1ng qua Hong Kong \u0111\u1ec3 sang Nh\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra 6 ch\u1eef \u201cT\u1ef1 do, B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, B\u00e1c \u00e1i\u201d – n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n
V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tham gia cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Trung K\u1ef3 ch\u1ed1ng thu\u1ebf (n\u0103m 1908), Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
V\u00ec th\u1ebf, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cMu\u1ed1n ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i xem n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n
Th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n c\u00f3 3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u1edf thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, x\u1ee9 \u201c\u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u00e1p\u201d – n\u01a1i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p \u1edf thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, s\u1ea7m u\u1ea5t, th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n l\u1edbn trong s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 v\u0103n minh Ph\u00e1p. Hai, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do h\u01a1n c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng, do v\u1eady d\u1ec5 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm manh m\u1ed1i cho vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ba, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Nam K\u1ef3, \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i giao th\u00f4ng n\u00ean thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n h\u01a1n c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c trong vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u01a1ng; nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n l\u00fac \u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty t\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n l\u1edbn ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1p – \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (h\u00e3ng N\u0103m Sao\u2026), thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sang Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn S\u00e0i G\u00f2n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u0129 phu \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn. Anh nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng du v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i ch\u01b0a thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0103n minh n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea7m than c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh quy\u1ebft \u201cph\u1ea3i \u0111i ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i xem cho r\u00f5. Sau khi xem x\u00e9t h\u1ecd l\u00e0m \u0103n ra sao, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o t\u00f4i\u201d (tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u00e0 v\u0103n M\u1ef9 Anna Louis Strong n\u0103m 1965).<\/p>\n
Ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 4 th\u00e1ng s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, h\u00f2a c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0o b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng\u2026<\/p>\n
C\u00e0ng th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh c\u00e0ng quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng s\u1edbm c\u00f3 chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i t\u00ecm con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y h\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 c\u1ef1c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp th\u00eam \u00fd ch\u00ed, ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c, v\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng cho anh tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n